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专访晶科能源副总裁：算一算光伏制氢这笔帐

阅读量：82

发布时间：2021-08-19

来源：酯香香化学采购网

随着光伏发电成本的持续下降,氢能产业的发展逐步驶入快车道。光伏制氢的竞争力也在逐渐增强,为我国构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源体系做出贡献,太阳能光伏制氢未来将大有可为。早在一年前,就有媒体透露晶科科技与空气产品公司(Airﻪ Products, ﻪNYSE:APD)、法国液化空气等签署了战略合作协议或意向书,在光伏制氢领域展开合作和研究。为此,笔者采访了晶科能源副总裁钱晶女士,展开了一段非常有趣的讨论。
记者:您认为世界上有“万能”的能源吗?如果有,会是什么,并具备什么特点?
钱晶:单独的没有,单独的光伏有间歇性问题,单独的氢,电解水制氢高耗电。但组合的有,光伏+氢,因为满足所谓“万能”的能源需要具备四个特性:第一个是“易得性”,容易获得,水电和风电都受到地理位置限制,不是所有地区都容易获得。第二个是它够便宜,也就是“经济性”,光伏经济性足够,且还有下降空间。第三个属性是现在大家非常关心的“可持续性”,是否足够绿色,所以煤电不行。第四个属性叫“安全性”,所以核电不是。
记者:光伏+氢能不能帮助我们实现碳中和?
钱晶:能解决很大程度的问题。在所有碳排放中,80%来自于燃煤,70%的燃煤用于发电,也就是一半以上的碳来自发电领域,光伏发电能解决绿色电源问题。那剩下的一半碳从哪儿来呢?一个是交通板块,一个是工业板块,还有就是楼宇和农业等。解决这些问题需要依靠全面电气化,再利用光伏等零碳电力,还有就是靠氢能,比如氢燃料车,比如氢作为绿色燃料,用氢气产生热,那么你就能极大地降低工业板块中的碳排放,因为在工业过程中,你需要用到许多热能。
记者:氢在目前最大的问题是什么?是制造,成本,还是安全?为什么全世界仍然推广很缓慢?
钱晶:氢的制造不成问题,技术都很成熟了。灰氢即用煤制氢成本也不是问题,绿氢虽然成本稍高一些,但光伏制氢目前在部分地区,已经具备经济性,能抵消灰氢+碳捕获成本。随着光伏效率提升度电成本继续下降,光伏制氢的经济优势会更明显。说到氢的安全性,大家想想,汽油、柴油和天然气也都是很危险的,都有解决的技术吗?但我们已经拥有很成熟的手段来保证氢的安全性。
记者:那为什么氢发展的不快,即使讨论很多?
钱晶:制造不是问题,成本不是问题,但存储和运输是问题,无论是在压缩还是液态的状况下去存储和运输都很有挑战性。虽然有相应的技术手段,比如运输,无论用压力容器还是管道运输,技术手段也都有,但是我们也要考量经济性,而且需要很多投资。另外应用场景还没有发展起来,比如氢燃料车的数量就远远小于电动车数量,为什么日本、韩国是氢的使用大国,就是因为他们的氢燃料轿车、巴士、长途货运等各种氢燃料电池车辆发展的快。
记者:西北部地区是不是发展光伏制氢最好的地方?
钱晶:考虑西北部弃电因素,如果是零电费,用的是弃电,制氢成本当然是很有优势。但那些地区人烟稀少,对氢气几乎没有需求,无法在当地使用,还是需要经过长途运输到有需求的地区,加上运氢成本,就丧失了优势,所以东南沿海城市边缘更适合发展光伏制氢。光伏制氢最好是终端决定选址,就地发电;就地制氢;就地使用,哪里有氢能需求哪里就适合光伏制氢,光伏独一无二的分散性让未来每个城市都可以是制氢选址点。
记者:光伏电价要达到多少,光伏制氢才有优势?
钱晶:看你用什么技术,哪家的电解槽设备,不同电解槽设备和工艺差异还是很大的。目前而言,根据我们的经验,光伏电价超过0.35元一度电,优势就不大。
记者:中石化、中石油等传统能源企业都在布局氢能,这些企业具备哪些优势?
钱晶:他们副产氢,具备炼化项目配套氢产能 ,可利用现有的几千甚至上万公里的天然气管线,并且有实力架设专门的氢气管线,更重要的是他们可将传统加油站改造成加氢站的加油站。
记者:你认为在碳中和的过程中,光伏和氢分别扮演什么样的角色?
钱晶:光伏是碳中和的基础或者说是源头,从光伏电力到无限可能,Solar-To-X,To是转换器,这个转换器就是氢,X 是未知数。什么是未知数呢?就是一切有价值的东西,我们可以通过光伏电力制造转换成氢,基于氢,进一步合成氨、甲醇和其它有价值的合成燃料。
记者:那对于长城汽车加入氢能战略,您怎么看?
钱晶:他们从终端切入,从开发氢燃料车,来带动终端应用市场。
记者:晶科有成立氢能公司的计划吗?
钱晶:晶科科技有专门的光伏+氢解决方案事业部,晶科能源则是专注于为光伏制氢提供更高效的组件产品,取得更低光伏发电成本和更低制氢成本。术业有专攻,隔行如隔山,只有专注才能最好,只有最好才有竞争和生存优势。而制氢这部分,还是有很高的技术门槛和壁垒,有更多专业的石化企业、气体企业能把这部分做得更好。晶科科技主要负责提供最低成本的清洁电力方案和服务,晶科能源提供最高效率的组件,帮助实现更低的光伏制氢成本。
记者:相对其他光伏企业,晶科提供光伏制氢方案的优势在哪里?
钱晶:这个优势不光是纸面上的东西,其实,晶科科技已经与全球在制氢方面技术领先的客户达成了全方位的合作。在光伏制氢项目的深入研究、工程设计、建造和运维上,是有相当高的专业性要求的,我们往往需要针对不同需求来定制化地调整整体方案。我们需要保证方案在可实施、高度安全可靠、整体经济效益和技术路线上都是最佳的。在这些方面,晶科走的比较早,积累了一点经验。

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/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/model/concern/Conversion.php ( 7.84 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/cms/service/ComponentsService.php ( 12.91 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/admin/model/Config.php ( 3.34 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/links/model/Links.php ( 0.84 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/admin/model/Poster.php ( 0.07 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/admin/model/Base.php ( 4.15 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/facade/Session.php ( 2.05 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/admin/model/GoodsCategory.php ( 0.09 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/exception/ErrorException.php ( 1.68 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/Exception.php ( 1.61 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/exception/Handle.php ( 8.96 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/db/Expression.php ( 1.11 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/model/Collection.php ( 3.23 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/Collection.php ( 13.60 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/runtime/temp/b275df7f7078649353258fc8c4a5003e.php ( 37.86 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/Response.php ( 9.68 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/debug/Html.php ( 4.02 KB )

[ DB ] CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000288s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=yzncms;charset=utf8
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_poster` [ RunTime:0.001045s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 99 AND `p_c_id` = 52 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000357s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 99 AND `p_c_id` = 55 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000293s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods_property` [ RunTime:0.001017s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,`p`.`price`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`value`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`sku_unit`,`p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` FROM `yzn_goods_property` `p` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods` `g` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `p`.`recommend` = 1 GROUP BY `p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`g`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,15 [ RunTime:0.002352s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods_category` [ RunTime:0.000804s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `hot_search` = 1 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000412s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `is_show` > 0 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000321s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `id` IN (1,2,7,16,17,34,92,95,38) [ RunTime:0.000250s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 1 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000213s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 2 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000241s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 7 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000204s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000199s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000211s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` IN (34,92) AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000208s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` IN (95,38) AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000209s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 1 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000193s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000199s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,1,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000206s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods` [ RunTime:0.000610s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (25,26,29,30,48,1) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000972s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 2 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000215s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 2 [ RunTime:0.000223s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,2,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000191s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (42,43,2) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000913s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 7 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000201s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 7 [ RunTime:0.000217s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,7,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000190s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (10,14,32,33,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,96,97,7) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000964s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000204s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 16 [ RunTime:0.000197s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,16,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000188s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (59,60,61,62,63,16) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000881s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000200s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 17 [ RunTime:0.000194s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,17,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000188s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (40,64,65,66,67,68,100,17) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000892s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 34 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000199s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 92 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000189s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` IN (34,92) [ RunTime:0.000223s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,34,%' or arrparentid like '0,92,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000202s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (35,70,71,93,94,34,92) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000871s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 95 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000204s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 38 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000185s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` IN (95,38) [ RunTime:0.000226s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,38,%' or arrparentid like '0,95,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000215s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (47,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,99,95,38) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000913s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_article` [ RunTime:0.000818s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `A`.*,`AD`.*,`C`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `A` INNER JOIN `yzn_article_data` `AD` ON `A`.`id`=`AD`.`did` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `C` ON `C`.`id`=`A`.`catid` WHERE `A`.`id` = 1926 AND `A`.`status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001685s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_category` [ RunTime:0.000555s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 35 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000201s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` IN (36,37,38,39,40,41,42) AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000185s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 43 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000171s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` IN (44,45,46,47,48,49,50) AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000194s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 6 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000169s ]
[ DB ] CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000233s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=yzncms;charset=utf8
[ SQL ] SELECT `A`.`id`,`A`.`title` FROM `yzn_article` `A` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `C` ON `C`.`id`=`A`.`catid` WHERE `A`.`status` = 1 AND `A`.`catid` IN (35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42) ORDER BY `A`.`flag` DESC,`A`.`listorder` ASC,`A`.`updatetime` DESC [ RunTime:0.020503s ]
[ SQL ] UPDATE `yzn_article` SET `hits` = `hits` + 1 WHERE `id` = 1926 [ RunTime:0.000322s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 10 AND `p_c_id` = 41 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC LIMIT 4 [ RunTime:0.000361s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 38 AND `a`.`status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002768s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `a`.*,`c`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 38 AND `a`.`status` = 1 ORDER BY `flag` DESC,`listorder` ASC,`updatetime` DESC LIMIT 0,6 [ RunTime:0.004700s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 37 AND `a`.`status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002628s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `a`.*,`c`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 37 AND `a`.`status` = 1 ORDER BY `flag` DESC,`listorder` ASC,`updatetime` DESC LIMIT 0,6 [ RunTime:0.004945s ]