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科研经费自主管理权再“松绑” 科技创新驶入“快车道”

阅读量：10

发布时间：2021-08-25

来源：酯香香化学采购网

　　【化工仪器网政策法规】二十一世纪以来，各国注重科技创新能力，并将科学技术作为竞争点。我国也不例外，科教兴国等战略相继出台，国家科技治理体系不断完善；创新板上市三百余家公司，总市值4.95亿元，硬科技交上一份漂亮的成绩单。我国站在两个百年交汇点上，“十四五”将创新放在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位，保持深入发展、加速发展的良好势头。

　　技术先行，经费仍是一个大问题。科技创新能力与科研经费不匹配等问题频现，经费矛盾成为堵塞技术创新的一大痛点。近日，国务院出台《关于改革完善中央财政科研经费管理的若干意见》(以下简称《意见》)，针对一直以来科研经费痛点问题，亮出扩大科研项目经费管理自主权、完善科研经费项目拨付机制、加大科研人员激励力度、减轻科研人员事务性负担、创新财政科研经费投入与支持方式等七个方面提出25条举措，为经费管理松绑，激发科研人员的技术创新精神力。

　　科研经费管理有几难冲突根深蒂固

　　根据中国科协统计，截至目前，我国科技工作者总人数超过9100万。人有了、钱够了，但技术创新却卡在半路上。

　　科研预算编制繁琐是突出问题。预算包括直接费用和间接费用。直接费用又分为资料费、数据采集费、设备费等多个种类。比如多学科融合发展下，科研人员参加各式各样的技术研讨会、国际交流会不在少数。然而，当下需要确定未来出差目的地、滞留期等详细信息，这类看不见、摸不着的细致预算给科研人员带来额外，徒增压力。

　　目光转到仪器设备上，预算中要标明未来几年采购仪器设备的型号、三方价比等更是令人匪夷所思。技术更新飞速，一眼看到未来显然不切实际。此外，科研项目在启动年要确定购买仪器和设备数量、引入专家人数等；项目部分报销不在预算表格内，就此搁置，出现了有钱难办事的现象。这些预算与未来实际情况出入较大，并无实际意义，束缚科研人员手脚。

　　报销难是另外一个亟待解决的重点问题。由于财务管理过细，科研人员的研究时间被经费报销占据大部分，贴票、算账、报销，一套流程下来让人苦不堪言。另外，项目申报审批流程冗长和经费拨付进度慢等，分散了科研人员的精力、打击了科研人员的积极性，人员和经费管理冲突不断，经费申请、报销雪上加霜。

　　《意见》出台 7大方面、25条举措化解难题

　　《意见》剔除不符合技术发展规律的条例，以人为核心，合并修改原科研经费管理要求，促使科研人员潜心科研。

　　首先，简预算。《意见》按设备费、业务费、劳务费三大类编制直接费用预算。直接费用中除50万元以上的设备费外，其他费用只提供基本测算说明，不需要提供明细。该项措施解决了“买酱油的钱不能打醋”的问题，实现费用灵活运用。此外，合并项目评审和预算，在人才类和基础研究类科研项目中推行经费包干制，让科研经费灵活起来。

　　其次，放权力。《意见》下放预算调剂权，科研人员考虑现有情况、项目实际需求进行经费申请、调剂。该项措施为科研经费管理进一步松绑，扩大科研人员的经费自我管理权力，经费适应实际情况，不再原地“跑马”。

　　接着，圆机制。《意见》摒弃了原先刻板要求，按照当前情况、紧急程度完善精分管理机制。如采购机制转为对科研急需的设备和耗材采用特事特办、随到随办；项目管理部门尊重科研负责人意见，合理确定拨付计划，加快拨付进度；科研结余资金可留归科研单位使用，用于之后的科研直接支出，科研人员不必须后续经费在申请等琐事分心劳神。

　　最后，去负担。《意见》一方面简化科研项目验收结题财务管理、推进科研经费无纸化报销试点，实现去繁化简。另一方面，《意见》切实关注科研人员的实际需求，如提高间接费用比例，扩大劳务费开支范围，合理核定绩效工资总量。从硬件走向软件，从设备政策走向人情关怀，提高科研人员的实际收入，防止经费多但发不出工资的情况发生，有效激发科研人员的研究、创新热情。

　　不仅如此，《意见》就创新财政科研经费投入与支持方式、改进科研绩效管理和监督检查等方面进行改进、补充。

　　推动政策落地　打通“最后一公里”

　　三分部署、七分落实，新政从出台到落地、成熟实施还需相关部门各尽其责、联合联动。

　　《意见》落实过程中，仍需坚持以人为中心，让经费为人服务，关注科研人员的实际，明确保障范围和机制，完善大科研人员的奖励机制，激发科研人员创新力，潜心钻研、攻克难关。

　　其次，破解管理中的难点，及时调整预算严、刚性强、评估繁的各种项目检查。将科研方向从项目、经费转移到研究兴趣，帮助科研人员挣脱束缚。大力推广指导性、示范性，推广试点，树立榜样单位。

　　值得一提的是，要信任也要监督，在放与管之间找好发力点，自由并不等于无序。对于已经拨款到位的项目，还需定期检查研究效果、技术成果，评测科技投入的产出效益，避免出现研究贪腐。

　　科技创新没有经费使用自主权，科研自主权难以落实。《意见》出台意义重大，促使科研人员重掌自主创新管理权，激发科研人员的内生动力，让科研经费更好地为科研服务，实现科技自立自强，加快建设科技强国。

内容来源于酯香香化学采购网

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/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/links/model/Links.php ( 0.84 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/admin/model/Poster.php ( 0.07 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/admin/model/Base.php ( 4.15 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/facade/Session.php ( 2.05 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/application/admin/model/GoodsCategory.php ( 0.09 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/exception/ErrorException.php ( 1.68 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/Exception.php ( 1.61 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/exception/Handle.php ( 8.96 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/db/Expression.php ( 1.11 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/model/Collection.php ( 3.23 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/Collection.php ( 13.60 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/runtime/temp/b275df7f7078649353258fc8c4a5003e.php ( 37.86 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/Response.php ( 9.68 KB )
/www/dev/zhihuagong/thinkphp/library/think/debug/Html.php ( 4.02 KB )

[ DB ] CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000270s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=yzncms;charset=utf8
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_poster` [ RunTime:0.001054s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 99 AND `p_c_id` = 52 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000327s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 99 AND `p_c_id` = 55 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000215s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods_property` [ RunTime:0.001246s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,`p`.`price`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`value`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`sku_unit`,`p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` FROM `yzn_goods_property` `p` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods` `g` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `p`.`recommend` = 1 GROUP BY `p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`g`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,15 [ RunTime:0.002357s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods_category` [ RunTime:0.000804s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `hot_search` = 1 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000392s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `is_show` > 0 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000255s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `id` IN (1,2,7,16,17,34,92,95,38) [ RunTime:0.000220s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 1 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000177s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 2 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000159s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 7 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000157s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000156s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000176s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` IN (34,92) AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000170s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` IN (95,38) AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000176s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 1 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000147s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000167s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,1,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000181s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods` [ RunTime:0.000594s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (25,26,29,30,48,1) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000954s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 2 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000197s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 2 [ RunTime:0.000162s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,2,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000171s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (42,43,2) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000861s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 7 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000183s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 7 [ RunTime:0.000151s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,7,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000169s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (10,14,32,33,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,96,97,7) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000886s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000195s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 16 [ RunTime:0.000157s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,16,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000151s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (59,60,61,62,63,16) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000850s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000199s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 17 [ RunTime:0.000168s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,17,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000149s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (40,64,65,66,67,68,100,17) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000848s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 34 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000190s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 92 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000144s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` IN (34,92) [ RunTime:0.000180s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,34,%' or arrparentid like '0,92,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000163s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (35,70,71,93,94,34,92) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000874s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 95 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000185s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 38 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000153s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` IN (95,38) [ RunTime:0.000184s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,38,%' or arrparentid like '0,95,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000186s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (47,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,99,95,38) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000854s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_article` [ RunTime:0.000715s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `A`.*,`AD`.*,`C`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `A` INNER JOIN `yzn_article_data` `AD` ON `A`.`id`=`AD`.`did` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `C` ON `C`.`id`=`A`.`catid` WHERE `A`.`id` = 5752 AND `A`.`status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001649s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_category` [ RunTime:0.000570s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 35 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000167s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` IN (36,37,38,39,40,41,42) AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000148s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 43 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000142s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` IN (44,45,46,47,48,49,50) AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000149s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 6 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000127s ]
[ DB ] CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000214s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=yzncms;charset=utf8
[ SQL ] SELECT `A`.`id`,`A`.`title` FROM `yzn_article` `A` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `C` ON `C`.`id`=`A`.`catid` WHERE `A`.`status` = 1 AND `A`.`catid` IN (35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42) ORDER BY `A`.`flag` DESC,`A`.`listorder` ASC,`A`.`updatetime` DESC [ RunTime:0.021564s ]
[ SQL ] UPDATE `yzn_article` SET `hits` = `hits` + 1 WHERE `id` = 5752 [ RunTime:0.000253s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 10 AND `p_c_id` = 41 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC LIMIT 4 [ RunTime:0.000393s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 38 AND `a`.`status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002723s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `a`.*,`c`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 38 AND `a`.`status` = 1 ORDER BY `flag` DESC,`listorder` ASC,`updatetime` DESC LIMIT 0,6 [ RunTime:0.004595s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 37 AND `a`.`status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002496s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `a`.*,`c`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 37 AND `a`.`status` = 1 ORDER BY `flag` DESC,`listorder` ASC,`updatetime` DESC LIMIT 0,6 [ RunTime:0.004864s ]