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《发酵饲料中氨态氮的测定凯氏定氮法》意见征集

阅读量：7

发布时间：2021-08-25

来源：酯香香化学采购网

　　【化工仪器网政策标准】氨态氮指以铵离子和氨两种具体形式存在的氮，如氨水、碳酸氢铵中的氮。氨态氮在水相环境中有NH4+和NH3两种形态，其中非离子氨(NH3)对水产动物会产生严重危害，腐蚀鱼虾的鳃组织，破坏鳃的呼吸功能。而氨的毒害作用与水体的温度及pH值有关，水温和pH值越高，则危害越大。

　　当前，中国渔业水质要求，养殖水体中氨态氮含量一般以不超过0.2毫克/升为宜。水体氨态氮0.2~0.5毫克/升时，不符合渔业水质标准，对鱼的生长和摄食有轻微影响，需控制池水中氨态氮的含量。水体氨态氮大于0.5毫克/升，表明水质恶化，水体污染严霞，鱼类食欲减退，抗病能力下降，可能导致水产动物氨中毒。

　　在水产养殖过程中，氨态氮的主要可能来源于喂养家禽以及水产的发酵饲料中。因此，为保证发酵饲料的质量，减少养殖水体中存在的氨态氮，运用科学方法对发酵饲料中的氨态氮进行科学检测很有必要。目前，针对氨态氮的测定方法主要包括酸碱滴定法、蒸馏后滴定法、甲醛法等。此外，含氨态氮废水的处理技术主要有生物合成硝化法、离子交换法、空气蒸汽汽提法、氯化及吸附、化学沉淀法等。其中，常用的酸碱滴定法的测定原理为：样品与过量的硫酸标准溶液反应，用氢氧化钠标准溶液返滴定过量硫酸，根据滴定终点时酸碱标准溶液消耗的体积，计算样品含氮量。

　　近日，按照宁夏化学分析测试协会团体标准制修订项目工作安排，由宁夏化学分析测试协会提出并归口，宁夏大学、宁夏饲料工程技术研究中心、宁夏兽药饲料监察所、宁夏饲料工作站、宁夏农林科学院、宁夏昊标检测服务研究院、宁夏化学分析测试协会起草的《发酵饲料中氨态氮的测定凯氏定氮法》征求意见稿现已完成。现按照宁夏化学分析测试协会《团体标准制修订程序》的要求，公开征求意见。征求意见截止时间为2020年5月10日。

　　《发酵饲料中氨态氮的测定凯氏定氮法》主要内容包括范围、规范性引用文件、原理、试剂与材料、仪器和设备、试样提取、测定步骤、分析结果的计算、精密度。该项新的团体标准规定了发酵饲料中氨态氮的测定方法，适用于发酵饲料中氨态氮的测定。

　　据了解，凯氏定氮法测定发酵饲料中氨态氮的方法原理为：铵盐易溶于水，发酵饲料样品直接加水震荡制备提取液，加入氧化镁，氧化镁与水缓慢生成微溶的氢氧化镁，然后加热蒸馏出氨，用硼酸吸收、滴定和计算。测定过程中使用的试剂和材料包括氧化镁及氧化镁悬浮液、指示剂、盐酸、盐酸标准溶液、硫酸铵、硼酸、1%的硼酸溶液。检测使用的仪器和设备有分析天平、滴定管、凯氏蒸馏装置、锥形瓶、容量瓶、消煮管、振荡器、刻度吸管。

　　发酵饲料中氨态氮成分含量的试样提取方式为：称取切碎的发酵饲料约20g于250mL 锥形瓶中，加入100mL 蒸馏水，用橡胶塞密封瓶口，振荡器震荡30min过滤，滤液为试样提取液，待测。测定步骤分为氨的蒸馏和空白测定两个步骤。其中，氨的蒸馏方法为：准确吸取 10mL 样品提取液于蒸馏装置或消化管中，分别加入 50mL 蒸馏水和 10mL 氧化镁悬浮液。将冷凝管末端浸入装有 30mL 硼酸溶液(4.7)吸收液和 2 滴混合指示剂(4.2)的锥形瓶中。参照仪器说明书蒸馏(蒸馏液不少于 150mL)，蒸馏完成后用少量的水冲洗冷凝管末端，用盐酸标准溶液(4.4)滴定。平行试验做两份。

　　以上新标准在制修订过程中引用参考了《GB/T 6682 分析实验室用水规格和试验方法》、《GB/T 601 化学试剂标准滴定溶液的制备》、《GB/T 14699.1 饲料采样》、《GB/T20195 动物饲料试样的制备》。

　　更多详情请点击以下附件：

　　《发酵饲料中氨态氮的测定凯氏定氮法》(征求意见稿)

内容来源于酯香香化学采购网

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[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 99 AND `p_c_id` = 52 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000352s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 99 AND `p_c_id` = 55 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000228s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods_property` [ RunTime:0.001362s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,`p`.`price`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`value`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`sku_unit`,`p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` FROM `yzn_goods_property` `p` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods` `g` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `p`.`recommend` = 1 GROUP BY `p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`g`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,15 [ RunTime:0.002429s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods_category` [ RunTime:0.000844s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `hot_search` = 1 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000374s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `is_show` > 0 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC [ RunTime:0.000264s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `id` IN (1,2,7,16,17,34,92,95,38) [ RunTime:0.000233s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 1 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000174s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 2 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000159s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 7 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000174s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000155s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000150s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` IN (34,92) AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000164s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` IN (95,38) AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC,`id` DESC [ RunTime:0.000175s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 1 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000152s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000150s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,1,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000161s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_goods` [ RunTime:0.000588s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (25,26,29,30,48,1) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000938s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 2 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000188s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 2 [ RunTime:0.000160s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,2,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000163s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (42,43,2) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000863s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 7 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000169s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 7 [ RunTime:0.000155s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,7,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000150s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (10,14,32,33,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,96,97,7) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000889s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 16 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000183s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 16 [ RunTime:0.000155s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,16,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000157s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (59,60,61,62,63,16) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000856s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 17 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000174s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` = 17 [ RunTime:0.000165s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,17,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000144s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (40,64,65,66,67,68,100,17) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000846s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 34 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000166s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 92 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000151s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` IN (34,92) [ RunTime:0.000193s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,34,%' or arrparentid like '0,92,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000154s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (35,70,71,93,94,34,92) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000878s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 95 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000167s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`catname` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `pid` = 38 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000180s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND `id` IN (95,38) [ RunTime:0.000207s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_goods_category` WHERE `status` = 1 AND ( arrparentid like '0,38,%' or arrparentid like '0,95,%' ) [ RunTime:0.000158s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `g`.`name`,p.id as p_id,`p`.`price`,`p`.`type`,`p`.`thumb`,`p`.`unit`,`p`.`is_where`,`p`.`goods_id`,`p`.`repeat_type` FROM `yzn_goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `yzn_goods_property` `p` ON `p`.`goods_id`=`g`.`id` WHERE `p`.`status` = 1 AND `p`.`is_del` = 0 AND `g`.`is_del` = 0 AND `p`.`is_where` LIKE '%1%' AND `g`.`cate_id` IN (47,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,99,95,38) AND `p`.`hot_sale` = '1' GROUP BY `p`.`repeat_type`,`p`.`goods_id` ORDER BY `p`.`sort` DESC,`p`.`id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000865s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_article` [ RunTime:0.000812s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `A`.*,`AD`.*,`C`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `A` INNER JOIN `yzn_article_data` `AD` ON `A`.`id`=`AD`.`did` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `C` ON `C`.`id`=`A`.`catid` WHERE `A`.`id` = 6328 AND `A`.`status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000526s ]
[ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `yzn_category` [ RunTime:0.000527s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 35 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000165s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` IN (36,37,38,39,40,41,42) AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000145s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 43 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000127s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` IN (44,45,46,47,48,49,50) AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000139s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `id` FROM `yzn_category` WHERE `parentid` = 6 AND `status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.000136s ]
[ DB ] CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000255s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=yzncms;charset=utf8
[ SQL ] SELECT `A`.`id`,`A`.`title` FROM `yzn_article` `A` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `C` ON `C`.`id`=`A`.`catid` WHERE `A`.`status` = 1 AND `A`.`catid` IN (35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42) ORDER BY `A`.`flag` DESC,`A`.`listorder` ASC,`A`.`updatetime` DESC [ RunTime:0.020764s ]
[ SQL ] UPDATE `yzn_article` SET `hits` = `hits` + 1 WHERE `id` = 6328 [ RunTime:0.000353s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `yzn_poster` WHERE `cate_id` = 10 AND `p_c_id` = 41 ORDER BY `listorder` ASC LIMIT 4 [ RunTime:0.000395s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 38 AND `a`.`status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002792s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `a`.*,`c`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 38 AND `a`.`status` = 1 ORDER BY `flag` DESC,`listorder` ASC,`updatetime` DESC LIMIT 0,6 [ RunTime:0.004770s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT COUNT(*) AS tp_count FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 37 AND `a`.`status` = 1 [ RunTime:0.002687s ]
[ SQL ] SELECT `a`.*,`c`.`catname` FROM `yzn_article` `a` INNER JOIN `yzn_category` `c` ON `a`.`catid`=`c`.`id` WHERE `catid` = 37 AND `a`.`status` = 1 ORDER BY `flag` DESC,`listorder` ASC,`updatetime` DESC LIMIT 0,6 [ RunTime:0.005034s ]